14.1 Animal (Dog/cat/monkey/Human)
| Type of Infection | First Line (with Dosage and Duration) |
Alternative First Line (with dosage and Duration) |
Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Any bite or suspected bite from mammal requires Rabies prophylaxis. | |||
| Animal bite – breach in skin/open wound | Bites deeper than superficial, so thorough irrigation under local anaesthesia is needed, and the wound should be left open. | ||
| Cat, dog, bat, racoon, horse, pig, rat | Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 625mg q8h for 3 to 5 days | Cefuroxime 500mg q12h Or Doxycycline 100mg q12h for 3 to 5 days | |
| Camel, Bear, Alligator | Inj Piperacillin- tazobactam 4.5g q8h for 5 to 7 days | ||
| Monkey | Valacyclovir/Acyclovir for 7 days | Herpes virus simiae has to be covered | |
| Human Bite | Early [Not yet infected]: Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid 625mg q8h for 3 to 5 days | Late [Signs of infection present]: Inj Ampicillin-Sulbactam 1.5g q6h Or Inj Piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5g q8h for 3 to 5 days |
For common etiological agents of Animal (Dog/cat/monkey/Human), see Annexure B.14.1
Additional Information
- Patients should be encouraged to get an updated tetanus vaccination.
References
1. Who animal bite fact sheet https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/animal-bites
2. WB Health National Rabies Control Programme 2019.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rabies. http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/medical_care/index.html Accessed June 19, 2013.
4. Oehler RL, Velez AP, Mizrachi M, Lamarche J, Gompf S. Bite-related and septic syndromes caused by cats and dogs [published correction appears in Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(9):536]. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(7):439-447.
5. Morgan M, Palmer J. Dog bites. BMJ. 2007;334(7590):413-417.
6. Fleisher GR. The management of bite wounds. N Engl J Med. 1999;340 (2):138-140.