Recently there have been substantial changes in epidemiology of IE. In India, IE is increasingly becoming common in older age group (> 40 years) with no previously known valve disease as compared to younger patients (with mean age-25 years) with underlying valvular heart disease. This is comparable to the data reported by developed countries. In children, the common risk factors include ventricular septal defect (VSD) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD).
Microbiology profile of Infective endocarditis
| Study | Culture Positive Cases (%) | Etiologies |
|---|---|---|
| Soman et al, 20181 | VGS (31.8%), Enterococci (20.4%), Aspergillus (2.27%), NTM (15.9%), MSSA (6.8%), Candida (4.54%) | |
| Gupta et al, 20152 | 69% (22/32) | VGS (15.6%), Enterococci (15.6%), MSSA (9.3%), MRSA (6.25%), Pseudomonas (3.1%), Klebsiella Pneumoniae (3.1%), Scaedosporium (3.1%), Candida (6.25%), Brucella (3.1%) |
| Soman et al, 20134 | 74.2 % (26/35) | VGS (34.5%), Enterococci (23%), Aspergillus (3.8%), NTM (19.2%), MSSA (3.8%), Candida (3.8%) |
| Subhramanian et al, 2010 | 22.3% (27/121) | VGS - (55.5%), Staphylococcus species - 4 (14.8%) cases. |
Streptococci (VGS) and enterococci are the most common organisms isolated. Enterococcal IE appears to be becoming more common especially in elderly patients, patients with chronic liver disease or in patients with urinary tract infection. Overall, prevalence of MRSA is less than 10% in the various studies reported.