Prophylaxis should be considered for patients at highest risk for IE:

1. Patients with any prosthetic valve, including a transcatheter valve, or those in whom any prosthetic material was used for cardiac valve repair.
2. Patients with a previous episode of IE.
3. Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD):
• Any type of cyanotic CHD.
• Any type of CHD repaired with a prosthetic material, whether placed surgically or by percutaneous techniques, up to 6 months after the procedure or lifelong if residual shunt or valvular regurgitation remains.

Antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended in other forms of valvular or CHD.
Recommended prophylaxis for high-risk dental procedures in high-risk patients includes amoxicillin or ampicillin 50 mg/kg orally or i.v. or clindamycin 20 mg/kg orally 30-60 minutes before the procedure.